Gambling is an exercise undertaken by many Australians. In 2022, 72.8% of Australian adults gambled throughout the previous 12 months (80.5% for men and 66.2% for girls) and 38% of Australian adults gambled at the least once per week (48% for males and 28% for girls).[1] In 2017, Australians have been estimated to steer the world with the very best playing losses on a per-capita foundation.[2]

On a per-capita foundation, Australians positioned playing bets value AUD$9,885 in monetary year 2020-2021, resulting in a loss of AUD$1,200.[3] Australians cumulatively placed bets value AUD$198 billion on this monetary year, leading to a total lack of AUD$24 billion.[3]

Gambling is a major public well being difficulty, with around 80,000 to 160,000 (or 0.5-1.0%) of Australian adults experiencing significant issues from gambling and a further 250,000 to 350,000 (or 1.4-2.1% of adults) experiencing average dangers which will make them vulnerable to problem playing.[4]

Revenue[edit]

In 2015-16, gambling revenue made up 7.7% of state and territory taxation income. The rate was lowest in Western Australia (2.5%) and highest within the Northern Territory (12.0%). Gambling revenue made up 2.5% of complete state revenue when different income sources have been taken into consideration. The speed was lowest in WA (0.9%) and highest in Victoria (3.2%). Gambling revenue as a portion of state taxation revenue has fallen for all states and territories between 2006-07 and 2015-16.[5]

Total Australian playing revenue in 2008-09 was simply over $19 billion and the share of family consumption was 3.1%.[4] According to the Queensland Government the whole Australian gambling market was price over $25 billion in 2019.[6] Through the pandemic in 2020 and 2021 the proportion of on-line gamblers rose to 78% while half of the Australians gamble on a regular basis.

Forms of playing[edit]

Electronic gaming machines[edit]

Electronic gaming machines are commonly referred to within Australia as "pokies" or "poker machines". Electronic gaming machines are operated in all states of Australia as properly because the Australian Capital Territory and Northern Territory. Each jurisdiction separately regulates the design and operation of electronic gaming machines. In the monetary year 2020-2021, Australians positioned bets worth almost AUD$150 billion via electronic gaming machines, resulting in a total participant lack of AUD$12 billion for the 12 months.[3] Per-capita, losses for financial 12 months 2020-2021 were AUD$608, amounting to roughly half of the AUD$1200 losses per-capita for all types of playing.[3]

(FY20-21)[3]

23997 accepted (October 2023)[13]

359 permitted (October 2023)[13]

30000 limit[18]

5091 approved (1 November 2023)[21]

Unlimited (casinos)

Unlimited (Adelaide Casino)

87% (Crown Melbourne)

Unlimited (Crown Melbourne)[31]

New South Wales[edit]

New South Wales has a protracted historical past of playing; Australia's first official horse racing meeting occurred in 1810 at Hyde Park in Sydney; the primary official Australian lottery occurred in 1881 at the Sydney Cup; and registered clubs operated the primary authorized poker machines in Australia from 1956.[34]

There are roughly 95,800 "pokies" in NSW, a state complete crushed solely by Nevada, which operated 181,109 playing machines in 2014.[35]

Between 1 December 2017 and 31 May 2018 NSW Clubs made a internet revenue of $1,945,161,625 and motels made a internet revenue of $1,169,040,731 from pokies alone.[36]

Fairfield[edit]

Fairfield had the highest poker machine income in the state for 2013, producing $298 million in clubs and $93 million in pubs, from the start of the year to August.[37] This determine is $123 million better than the mixed complete of profits generated from poker machines in the city of Sydney.[37]

Hunter Region[edit]

From January to March 2013 poker machines in the Hunter area had a flip over of $4.5 billion, exhibiting an increase of $500 million since 2010.[38] Daily figures present a spend of $12.5 million, working out to be $8682 per minute.[38] The Office of Liquor Gaming and Racing discovered that Newcastle was the Hunter Regions most profitable location with the 3206 poker machines averaging $44,963 every.[38] The highest five most worthwhile clubs for gaming income within the Hunter region in 2010 were:[39]

- 1. Western Suburbs Leagues Club (Wests), New Lambton- 2. Wests (formerly Club Phoenix), Mayfield- 3. Wallsend RSL & Community Club, Wallsend- 4. Belmont 16 Foot Sailing Club, Belmont- 5. Cardiff Panthers, Cardiff
The top 5 most worthwhile hotels for gaming revenue in the Hunter area in 2010 were.[39]

- 1. The George Tavern, East Maitland- 2. Bay Hotel Motel, Bonnells Bay- 3. Hotel Jesmond, Jesmond- 4. The Lake Macquarie Tavern, Mount Hutton- 5. Warners Bay Hotel, Warners Bay
Central Coast Region[edit]

In line with the latest figures from Liquor and Gaming NSW there are 4,046 poker machines in 39 clubs on the Central Coast, and 626 poker machines in 29 hotels; making a total of 4,672 poker machines on the Central Coast. Which means 2.37% of the full variety of poker machines in Australia are on the NSW Central Coast.[40]

Gosford has roughly 1928 pokies, spread across 37 venues. That's the equivalent of one poker machine for each 71 adults. In 2010-11, venues in Gosford made approximately $95,865,000 in profit from pokies. That equates to $700 for every adult member of Gosford's inhabitants.[41]

Wyong has roughly 2608 pokies, unfold throughout 35 venues. That is the equivalent of 1 poker machine for each forty seven adults. In 2010-11, venues in Wyong made roughly $123,159,000 in profit from pokies. That equates to $1,000 for every adult member of Wyong's inhabitants.[41]

The Central Coast has a higher prevalence of downside playing than the NSW average. Young males between the ages of 18 and 24 residing on the Central Coast are the most important gamers of poker machines in NSW and are the highest threat group for downside gambling.[42]

In 2008 Central Coast Gambling Help carried out a survey of 200 young folks aged from 13-24 and located:

- 96% of people from 18-24 had gambled for cash or possessions- 62% of those beneath 14 years old and 77% of those aged as much as 17 had gambled for cash or objects, together with mobile phones and MP3 players- 25.5% of 14- to 17-year-olds and 55% of 18- to 24-yr-olds had lost greater than they had intended- and 6% beneath 18 had performed a poker machine[43]
Regulatory authorities[edit]

For the reason that introduction of new gambling services, including online playing, the Commonwealth has taken a extra lively role in the regulation of playing, but the Australian playing trade can be regulated by State and Territory authorities:[44]

- Australian Capital Territory - ACT Gambling and Racing Commission- New South Wales - Liquor and Gaming NSW- Northern Territory - Licensing Commission- Queensland - Office of Liquor and Gaming Regulation- South Australia - Independent Gambling Authority- Tasmania - Tasmanian Gaming Commission- Victoria - Victorian Gambling and Casino Control Commission- Western Australia - Department of Racing, Gaming and Liquor
Self-regulatory government initiatives[edit]

On 21 August 2023,[45] an Australian Government initiative was introduced by the Australian Communications and Media Authority. The initiative, BetStop, can be recognized because the National Self-Exclusion Register™.[46] The free service allows Australians who possess an Australian driver's licence or a Medicare card to exclude themselves from all Australian licensed online and phone wagering companies.[47]

Key legislation[edit]

Traditionally playing has been legislated at a state and territory level reasonably than by the Commonwealth:[48]

- Australian Capital Territory - Betting (ACTTAB Limited) Act 1964- Casino Control Act 2006- Gaming Machine Act 2004- Interactive Gambling Act 1998- Lotteries Act 1964- Pool Betting Act 1964- Race and Sports Bookmaking Act 2001- Racing Act 1999- Unlawful Gambling
- Betting Tax Act 2001- Casino Control Act 1992- Charitable Fundraising Act 1991- Gambling (Two-Up) Act 1998- Gaming and Liquor Administration Act 2007- Gaming Machines Act 2001- Gaming Machines Tax Act 2001- Liquor Act 2007- Lotteries and Art Unions Act 1901- Public Lotteries Act 1996- Racing Administration Act 1998- Registered Clubs Act 1976- Totalizator Act 1997- Unlawful Gambling Act 1998.
- Gaming Control Act 2005;- Gaming Machine Act 2005;- Northern Territory Licensing Commission Act 2001;- Racing and Betting Act 2004;- Soccer Football Pools Act 2004;- Totalisator Licensing and Regulation Act 2004; and- Unlawful Betting Act 2004.
- Brisbane Casino Agreement Act 1992- Breakwater Island Casino Agreement Act 1984- Cairns Casino Agreement Act 1993- Casino Control Act 1982- Charitable and Non-Profit Gaming Act 1999- Gaming Machine Act 1991- Interactive Gambling (Player Protection) Act 1998- Jupiters Casino Agreement Act 1983- Keno Act 1996- Lotteries Act 1997- Wagering Act 1998.
- Authorised Betting Operations Act 2000- Casino Act 1997- Gaming Machines Act 1992- Lottery and Gaming Act 1936- State Lotteries Act 1966
- Gaming Control Act 1993- TT-Line Gaming Act 1993
- Casino Control Act 1991- Casino (Management Agreement) Act 1993- Gambling Regulation Act 2003.
- Betting Control Act 1954- Bookmakers Betting Levy Act 1954- Casino (Burswood Island) Agreement Act 1985- Casino Control Act 1984- Gaming and Betting (Contracts and Securities) Act 1985- Gaming and Wagering Commission Act 1987- Gaming and Wagering Commission (Continuing Lotteries Levy) Act 2000- Racing and Wagering Western Australia Act 2003- Racing and Wagering Western Australia Tax Act 2003- Racing Restriction Act 2003- Racing Bets Levy Act 2009

Online playing[edit]

The Interactive Gambling Act (2001) was handed by the Australian Commonwealth Parliament on 28 June 2001.[49] It obtained assent on 11 July 2001[50]

The Act is focused at online playing operators, making it an offense for them to offer 'real-cash' on-line interactive gambling to residents of Australia. It also makes it illegal for on-line playing operators to advertise 'real-money' interactive gambling companies (equivalent to online poker and on-line casinos) to Australian citizens.[49] That being mentioned, the quantity spent on on-line gaming by Australians reached some $800 million by 2010, according to the official 2010 Productivity Report of the Australian Government.[51] Australian gamblers wager practically $250 billions annually.[52]

Accessing and using the interactive gambling services will not be an offence. It is usually allowed to firms based mostly in Australia to offer their playing services to gamblers situated exterior Australia with the exception of those international locations that have been called 'designated international locations' like Australia.[53]

Taxation legal guidelines on playing in Australia[edit]

Gamblers' winnings in Australia are not taxed. There are three foremost reasons for that:

- Gambling isn't considered a profession, it's treated as a passion or recreational exercise.- The Australian government views features from playing actions not as earnings, however in consequence of excellent luck. Even if someone wins big, additionally they lose a lot in different playing sessions.- The federal government taxes gambling operators as a substitute.[54]
Taxation of gambling operators in Australia differs from state to state and different playing companies are taxed in a distinct manner. There are taxes on the turnover, on participant loss and net revenue. As playing operators need to obtain a licence to supply their companies, sure charges should also be paid at this stage of gambling enterprise growth.[55]

The use of different tax rates and tax bases makes it troublesome to compare taxes throughout states. For example, the ACT's keno tax rate of 2.53% of turnover is equal to a tax rate on gross profits of 10.12%.[56]

Tax rates (2015-16)[57]

Federal HotelsAustralian Taxation OfficeWrest Point Hotel CasinoGambling
References[edit]

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